Youth is often associated with a healthy and vital life. However, health challenges can affect people of all ages, including teenagers and young adults. One of the most serious issues this age group can face is cancer. Although it is more common in older ages, some types of cancer can also occur in younger individuals. In this article, we will explore in detail the most common cancers in teenagers and young adults, including breast cancer, thyroid cancer, testicular cancer, and melanoma.

BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer is a topic of great importance as it affects millions of women around the world each year. Despite being more prevalent in older women, it is essential to address its occurrence in adolescents and young adults, even though it is rare in this group.
  • RISK FACTORS
In adolescents and young adults, risk factors for breast cancer are similar to those in older women. They include family history of breast cancer, genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, exposure to radiation, early onset of menstruation, and late menopause.
  • SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of breast cancer can vary, but it is important for young people to be aware of them. Symptoms include the presence of a lump in the breast, changes in the shape or size of the breast, breast pain or tenderness, abnormal nipple discharge, reddened breast skin, or peeling and inverted nipples. It is crucial to note that many times these symptoms may not be painful.
  • DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Early diagnosis is essential for survival. In addition to breast self-examination, regular medical exams and mammograms are important screening tools. If cancer is diagnosed, treatment may involve surgery to remove the tumor, followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the stage and specific type of cancer.
  • PREVENTION
Prevention plays a crucial role in the fight against breast cancer, even in teenagers and young adults. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, with a balanced diet, regular exercise and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and smoking, can reduce the risk. Additionally, awareness of family history and genetic testing, when appropriate, can help with early identification of risk factors.

THYROID CANCER

Thyroid cancer is another type of cancer that can affect teenagers and young adults, although it is more common in women.
  • RISK FACTORS
In teens and young adults, risk factors for thyroid cancer include a family history of thyroid cancer, exposure to radiation such as radiation therapy to the head and neck, and certain medical conditions such as autoimmune thyroid disease.
  • SYMPTOMS
Thyroid cancer symptoms can vary, and this disease is often asymptomatic in its early stages. However, symptoms may include a lump or swelling in the neck, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and changes in voice.
  • DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Diagnosis usually involves imaging tests, such as ultrasound, scintigraphy and thyroid biopsy. Treatment may include surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid, as well as hormone replacement therapy to maintain adequate thyroid function.
  • TESTIS CANCER
Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that mainly affects young men, usually between the ages of 15 and 39. Although it is relatively rare, it is essential to be aware of this condition as it has a high cure rate when diagnosed early.
  • RISK FACTORS
Risk factors for testicular cancer include a family history of testicular cancer, cryptorchidism (undescended testicles), genetic conditions such as Down syndrome , and exposure to radiation.
  • SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of testicular cancer may include a lump or swelling in the testicles, pain or discomfort in the area, increased nipple sensitivity, and abdominal pain. It is important to note that these symptoms are often painless.
  • DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Diagnosis usually involves a physical exam, ultrasound, and, if necessary, a biopsy of the testicle. Treatment may include surgery to remove the affected testicle (orchiectomy), followed in some cases by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, depending on the stage and type of testicular cancer.

MELANOMA

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can occur at any age, including teenagers and young adults. It is important to address melanoma as excessive sun exposure is a significant risk factor.
  • RISK FACTORS
The main risk factors for melanoma include unprotected sun exposure, a family history of melanoma, fair skin, blond or red hair, light eyes, and a history of sunburn. Having a lot of moles or freckles can also increase your risk.
  • SYMPTOMS
Melanoma symptoms involve changes in the skin, mainly in existing moles or lesions. Warning signs include changes in the color, shape or size of a mole, uneven edges, itching, bleeding and pain.
  • DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
The diagnosis of melanoma is made through a biopsy of the suspected lesion. If diagnosed early, surgical removal of the melanoma may be sufficient. In more advanced cases, additional treatment may be required, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies or immunotherapy.

CONCLUSION

Cancer does not distinguish between ages, and teenagers and young adults are not immune to this disease. It is essential that young people are aware of the risk factors and symptoms of the cancers discussed in this article and seek medical attention if they notice anything concerning. Early detection and appropriate treatment play a crucial role in improving survival rates.
Additionally, adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce your risk of developing these types of cancer. Maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and not smoking are important preventive measures. Raising awareness about the importance of early detection and regular medical check-ups are also essential.
With continued advances in medical research and medicine, there is hope that cancer diagnosis and treatment will continue to improve, offering a brighter outlook for those affected by these diseases. Education and awareness are crucial to ensure young people are well informed about their health and know what to do if they face these challenges. Together, we can continue to fight cancer and promote healthy living for all ages.